If you’ve ever experienced itching, burning, or unusual discharge down there, you’re not alone. A vaginal yeast infection is one of the most common issues women face—but the good news is, it’s easily treatable and preventable.
In this guide, we’ll break down the full vaginal yeast infection definition, causes, symptoms, how it’s diagnosed, and your treatment options so you can take charge of your health with confidence.
What Is a Vaginal Yeast Infection?
A vaginal yeast infection (also called candidiasis) is a fungal infection caused by an overgrowth of yeast—most commonly Candida albicans—in the vaginal area. It disrupts the natural balance of bacteria and yeast in the vagina, leading to irritation, inflammation, and uncomfortable symptoms.
It’s extremely common—about 3 out of 4 women will experience a yeast infection at least once in their lifetime.
What Causes a Yeast Infection?
The vagina naturally contains a healthy balance of yeast and bacteria (mostly lactobacillus). When this balance is disrupted, yeast can multiply and cause infection.
Common causes of yeast infections include:
- Taking antibiotics, which kill healthy bacteria
- Hormonal changes (menstruation, pregnancy, birth control pills)
- Uncontrolled diabetes or high blood sugar levels
- Weakened immune system
- Wearing tight, synthetic underwear or wet clothing for too long
- Using scented feminine hygiene products
- High stress levels
Symptoms of a Vaginal Yeast Infection
Symptoms can range from mild to severe. The most common signs include:
- Itching or burning around the vaginal area
- Thick, white discharge (often described as “cottage cheese-like”)
- Redness and swelling of the vulva
- Burning sensation during urination or sex
- General vaginal discomfort
If you’ve never had these symptoms before, it’s best to consult a doctor before assuming it’s a yeast infection.
How Is a Yeast Infection Diagnosed?
Diagnosis usually involves a pelvic exam. Your healthcare provider may:
- Ask about your symptoms and medical history
- Visually examine the vaginal area
- Take a swab of vaginal discharge for lab testing
This ensures the symptoms are truly caused by a yeast infection and not another condition like bacterial vaginosis (BV) or an STI.
Treatment Options
Most yeast infections are easily treatable with antifungal medications.
1. Over-the-Counter Treatments
You can find antifungal creams, suppositories, or ointments at any pharmacy. Common OTC treatments include:
- Miconazole (Monistat)
- Clotrimazole (Gyne-Lotrimin)
- Tioconazole (Vagistat)
These are usually applied for 1 to 7 days depending on the product.
2. Prescription Treatments
If OTC treatments don’t work or your infection is severe, your doctor may prescribe:
- Oral antifungal pill like fluconazole (Diflucan)
- Stronger topical antifungals
- Multiple doses if the infection is recurrent
3. Home Remedies (With Caution)
While some natural remedies like probiotic yogurt, coconut oil, or boric acid suppositories are popular, always check with your doctor before trying them—especially if you’re pregnant.
Explore more on reproductive wellness here: How to check if you are pregnant.
Can Yeast Infections Be Prevented?
Yes! You can lower your risk by following these simple tips:
- Wear breathable cotton underwear
- Avoid scented soaps, pads, or tampons
- Change out of wet clothes promptly
- Take probiotics during or after antibiotic treatment
- Keep blood sugar levels stable if diabetic
- Practice good hygiene and gentle cleaning
When to See a Doctor
Consult your healthcare provider if:
- It’s your first yeast infection
- Symptoms are severe or unusual
- Symptoms persist despite treatment
- You have recurring yeast infections (4+ per year)
- You’re pregnant or immunocompromised
FAQs
Q: Can I have sex during a yeast infection?
A: It’s best to avoid sex until symptoms clear, as it can be painful and may worsen irritation.
Q: Can men get yeast infections?
A: Yes. Although less common, men can get yeast infections (especially under the foreskin or on the penis).
Q: Are yeast infections contagious?
A: Not usually. However, they can occasionally be passed during sex, especially with frequent recurrence.
Q: Can a yeast infection go away on its own?
A: Mild cases might resolve without treatment, but it’s better to treat it early to avoid worsening symptoms.
Final Thoughts
Vaginal yeast infections are common, but they’re not something to ignore or feel ashamed of. Understanding what causes them, recognising the symptoms, and treating them promptly can save you discomfort and complications.
When in doubt, trust your body—and your doctor.
Want to keep your skin healthy too? Read: How to stop the spread of skin cancer.