Skin Cancer in Children and Young Adults: Causes, Symptoms, and Prevention
Skin cancer is commonly associated with older adults, but it is a growing concern among children and young adults. Though less common in younger populations, skin cancer can be just as dangerous if not detected and treated early. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and preventive measures is vital for parents, teens, and young adults alike.
What Is Skin Cancer?
Skin cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal skin cells. It develops when skin cells are damaged by factors like ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds. These damaged cells mutate and multiply, leading to malignant growths.
Types of Skin Cancer in Children and Young Adults
- Melanoma: The most serious type, though rare in children, it can spread to other parts of the body quickly.
- Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): The most common but least dangerous form. Typically occurs on sun-exposed areas.
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC): Less common but can be aggressive if untreated.
What Causes Skin Cancer in Young People?
Several factors contribute to skin cancer risk in children and young adults:
- Excessive exposure to UV radiation from the sun or tanning beds
- Fair skin that burns easily
- Family history of skin cancer
- Presence of many moles or unusual moles
- Weakened immune system due to medications or health conditions
- Genetic disorders like xeroderma pigmentosum (XP)
Signs and Symptoms to Watch Out For
It is crucial to detect skin cancer early. Common warning signs include:
- New growths or sores that do not heal
- Changes in existing moles — size, shape, or colour
- Unusual bumps or lumps on the skin
- Itching, bleeding, or crusting spots
ABCDE Rule for Melanoma Detection
- A: Asymmetry — one half is different from the other
- B: Border — irregular or blurred edges
- C: Colour — varied shades of brown, black, or other colours
- D: Diameter — larger than 6mm
- E: Evolving — any change in size, shape, colour, or symptoms
Diagnosis of Skin Cancer in Children and Teens
Doctors use several methods to diagnose skin cancer:
- Skin examination: Visual check of moles and spots
- Dermatoscopy: A magnifying tool to examine lesions
- Biopsy: Removing a sample for lab analysis
Treatment Options
Once diagnosed, treatment depends on the type, location, and stage:
- Surgical Removal: The most common and effective method
- Cryotherapy: Freezing abnormal cells
- Laser Therapy: Removes superficial cancers
- Radiotherapy: For cancers that cannot be surgically removed
- Chemotherapy: For aggressive or advanced cancers
- Immunotherapy: Boosts the immune system to fight cancer cells
Prevention Tips for Children and Teens
Prevention is the best approach to minimise skin cancer risk:
- Use broad-spectrum sunscreen SPF 30+ every day
- Wear protective clothing, hats, and sunglasses
- Avoid peak sun hours (10 AM – 4 PM)
- Stay in the shade whenever possible
- Never use tanning beds
- Regularly check skin for any unusual changes
Real-Life Example
Emma, a 16-year-old from Manchester, noticed a strange mole on her shoulder. After her GP recommended a biopsy, it turned out to be an early-stage melanoma. Thanks to timely surgery, she recovered completely. Her story underscores the importance of vigilance.
FAQs
- Is skin cancer common in children? No, it is rare but still possible, especially melanoma.
- Can skin cancer be cured? Yes, if detected early, most types are highly treatable.
- Are tanning beds safe for teens? Absolutely not. They significantly increase the risk of skin cancer.
- What age should skin checks start? Start teaching self-checks from teenage years, especially if there’s family history.
WHO and NHS Recommendations
Both the World Health Organization (WHO) and the NHS strongly recommend regular skin protection measures and avoiding tanning beds for all age groups, especially young people.
Conclusion
While skin cancer in children and young adults is uncommon, it should not be ignored. Early detection and preventive habits are key. Teach your kids about sun safety and consult a dermatologist if you notice any suspicious skin changes.
Internal Links for Further Reading
- Why is Skin Cancer Rate So High in India?
- What Is Black Fungus Disease?
- What Is Gender Identity and Health?
Protect your skin, check regularly, and stay informed for a healthier future.