🧠 What Is Depression?
Definition
Depression is a common and serious mental health condition characterized by persistent sadness, loss of interest, and impaired daily functioning :contentReference[oaicite:1]{index=1}.
Types of Depression
- Major Depressive Disorder
- Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)
- Seasonal Affective Disorder
- Postpartum Depression
- Psychotic and Atypical Depression :contentReference[oaicite:2]{index=2}
Common Symptoms
- Emotional: deep sadness, hopelessness, guilt, anxiety :contentReference[oaicite:3]{index=3}
- Cognitive: difficulty concentrating, indecisiveness, suicidal thoughts :contentReference[oaicite:4]{index=4}
- Physical: fatigue, appetite/sleep changes, aches, slowed movements :contentReference[oaicite:5]{index=5}
Causes & Risk Factors
- Biological: genetics, brain chemistry, hormonal imbalances :contentReference[oaicite:6]{index=6}
- Psychological: low self-esteem, trauma, negative thought patterns :contentReference[oaicite:7]{index=7}
- Environmental: stress, life events, social isolation :contentReference[oaicite:8]{index=8}
Diagnosis
Diagnosis involves at least five of the key symptoms persisting most of the day, nearly every day, for at least two weeks—evaluated via DSM‑5 criteria along with physical exams and/or lab tests :contentReference[oaicite:9]{index=9}.
Treatment Approaches
- Psychotherapy: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and other talk therapies are first-line :contentReference[oaicite:10]{index=10}.
- Medications: Antidepressants (SSRIs, SNRIs, TCAs) and adjuncts like mood stabilizers :contentReference[oaicite:11]{index=11}.
- Other Therapies: Light therapy (especially for SAD), ECT/TMS for resistant cases :contentReference[oaicite:12]{index=12}.
- Lifestyle Changes: Regular exercise, healthy diet, adequate sleep, stress management :contentReference[oaicite:13]{index=13}.
Self‑Care & Coping Strategies
- Behavioral activation: schedule enjoyable tasks :contentReference[oaicite:14]{index=14}
- Mindfulness, meditation, and yoga :contentReference[oaicite:15]{index=15}
- Social support, gratitude practices, professional help if >2 weeks :contentReference[oaicite:16]{index=16}