How Serious Is Basal Cell Skin Cancer?
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common form of skin cancer worldwide. In the UK alone, it accounts for around 80% of non-melanoma skin cancer cases. But just how serious is it?
While BCC rarely spreads to other parts of the body, it’s not something to ignore. If left untreated, it can cause local damage to skin and underlying tissue. Fortunately, early detection and treatment almost always lead to a full recovery.
What Is Basal Cell Carcinoma?
Basal cell carcinoma develops in the basal cells—tiny, round cells found in the lower part of the epidermis (the outermost skin layer). These cells produce new skin cells as old ones die off. When exposed to too much ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds, DNA damage can lead to uncontrolled cell growth—forming a basal cell tumour.
Is Basal Cell Skin Cancer Dangerous?
In most cases, BCC grows slowly and doesn’t metastasise (spread to distant organs). That said, it can still be serious:
- If left untreated, it can grow deep into skin tissue, muscle, and even bone.
- It can cause significant disfigurement, especially if it develops on the face, ears, or scalp.
- Recurring or multiple BCCs can develop in people with a history of frequent sun exposure.
The key is early diagnosis. When caught early, BCC can usually be removed completely with minimal scarring.
What Does Basal Cell Carcinoma Look Like?
It’s important to know what BCC might look like. Common appearances include:
- A pearly or waxy bump
- A flat, flesh-coloured or brown lesion
- A scaly, reddish patch (especially on the chest or back)
- A white, scar-like area with poorly defined borders
- A sore that bleeds, heals, and then returns
If you notice any persistent changes in your skin, especially in sun-exposed areas, consult a dermatologist promptly.
Who’s at Risk?
Several risk factors increase the chances of developing BCC:
- Excessive sun exposure or tanning bed use
- Fair skin, light hair, and blue or green eyes
- Ageing (most BCCs occur in adults over 50)
- History of sunburns, especially during childhood
- Previous skin cancers or radiation therapy
- Weakened immune system
- Genetic conditions like Gorlin syndrome
UK residents are particularly at risk due to increasing sun-seeking holidays and rising UV levels.
How Is BCC Diagnosed?
Doctors typically perform the following steps:
- Visual examination: A dermatologist inspects the skin lesion with the naked eye or a dermatoscope.
- Biopsy: A small sample of the lesion is removed and examined under a microscope to confirm the diagnosis.
Once confirmed, treatment options are discussed based on the size, location, and depth of the tumour.
Treatment Options for Basal Cell Carcinoma
The goal of treatment is complete removal of the cancer while preserving as much healthy tissue as possible. Common methods include:
1. Surgical Excision
The tumour is cut out along with a margin of surrounding skin. This is highly effective and commonly used for low- and moderate-risk cases.
2. Mohs Surgery
This precise technique involves removing thin layers of cancer-containing skin and examining each layer until no abnormal cells remain. It’s ideal for facial BCCs or high-risk tumours.
3. Cryotherapy
Freezing the lesion with liquid nitrogen. Effective for small, superficial BCCs.
4. Topical Treatments
Creams like imiquimod or 5-fluorouracil are used for superficial BCCs and require multiple applications over weeks.
5. Radiation Therapy
Used for patients who can’t undergo surgery or when tumours are in difficult locations.
6. Targeted Therapy
In advanced or recurrent cases, oral drugs like vismodegib may be prescribed to block tumour growth.
Prognosis and Survival Rate
The prognosis for BCC is excellent. According to Cancer Research UK:
- Over 95% of basal cell carcinomas can be cured if treated early.
- Recurrence rates are low with proper treatment and follow-up care.
- Metastasis occurs in less than 0.1% of cases.
With routine skin checks and sun protection, long-term health outcomes are overwhelmingly positive.
Can BCC Come Back?
Yes, recurrence is possible, especially if:
- The original tumour wasn’t fully removed
- The tumour was aggressive or in a high-risk location
- Sun exposure continues without protection
Regular follow-ups and skin checks are crucial for early detection of new lesions.
Prevention Tips
Protecting your skin is the best defence. Here’s how:
- Apply broad-spectrum SPF 30+ sunscreen daily
- Wear hats, sunglasses, and protective clothing in the sun
- Avoid sunbeds and tanning booths
- Seek shade during peak UV hours (11am–3pm)
- Check your skin monthly for new or changing spots
- Get annual dermatological exams if you have a history of skin cancer
Prevention is especially important for those with fair skin or a history of excessive sun exposure.
Internal Resources for Further Reading
FAQs About Basal Cell Carcinoma
Q1. Is basal cell carcinoma life-threatening?Rarely. BCC grows slowly and doesn’t usually spread, but ignoring it can lead to serious skin damage and disfigurement.
Q2. How fast does BCC grow?It usually grows slowly over months or years, but some aggressive subtypes may grow more quickly.
Q3. Can BCC heal on its own?No. BCC will not go away without treatment and may worsen over time.
Q4. Does BCC always require surgery?No, small or superficial BCCs may be treated with creams or cryotherapy, but surgery offers the highest cure rate.
Q5. How do I know if my spot is cancerous?If a skin lesion is changing, doesn’t heal, bleeds, or looks unusual—see a dermatologist for evaluation.
Final Words
Basal cell carcinoma may be the least dangerous of skin cancers, but that doesn’t mean it should be ignored. Left untreated, it can cause significant damage and complications. With early detection, proper treatment, and good sun protection habits, you can maintain healthy skin and reduce your risk of recurrence. If you notice suspicious skin changes, it’s always better to be safe and get them checked.