Depression and Anxiety in Pregnancy: Symptoms, Risks & Treatment
Depression and anxiety during pregnancy—also known as antenatal or prenatal depression and pregnancy-specific anxiety—affect about 10–20% of expectant mothers. These conditions can begin at any stage of pregnancy and may persist into the postpartum period.:contentReference[oaicite:1]{index=1}
Symptoms & How They Differ
- Depression: Persistent sadness, lack of interest, fatigue, sleep or appetite changes, feelings of guilt or worthlessness.:contentReference[oaicite:2]{index=2}
- Anxiety: Excessive worry about baby's health, fear of childbirth, irritability, restlessness.:contentReference[oaicite:3]{index=3}
Risk Factors & When It Starts
Early pregnancy is a high-risk period for anxiety and depression onset. Risk factors include history of mental illness, unintended pregnancy, financial stress, lack of support, abuse, or medical complications.:contentReference[oaicite:4]{index=4}
Possible Impacts on Mother and Baby
- Untreated symptoms raise risk of postpartum depression and impaired bonding.:contentReference[oaicite:5]{index=5}
- High stress may increase rates of preterm birth, low birth weight, and long-term neurodevelopment issues in children.:contentReference[oaicite:6]{index=6}
Diagnosis and Screening
Routine screening using tools like PHQ‑9 or the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) is recommended. Early detection is critical to improve outcomes for both mother and child.:contentReference[oaicite:7]{index=7}
Treatment & Support Options
- Therapy: CBT, interpersonal therapy, or group counseling are effective and safe in pregnancy.:contentReference[oaicite:8]{index=8}
- Medication: SSRIs or tricyclic agents may be prescribed if benefits outweigh risks, with careful monitoring.:contentReference[oaicite:9]{index=9}
- Self-care and support: Techniques like relaxation, mindfulness, partner and community support can help.:contentReference[oaicite:10]{index=10}
Special Notes: High-Risk Pregnancies & Hospitalization
Women hospitalized for high-risk pregnancies often report higher anxiety and depression due to isolation and complication stress. Proactive mental health care is essential in such cases.:contentReference[oaicite:11]{index=11}
Conclusion
Antenatal depression and anxiety are common but treatable. Awareness, screening, and early intervention—through counseling, medication, and support—can ensure better emotional and physical outcomes for both mother and child.