How Fast Does Skin Cancer Grow?
Skin cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer worldwide, and its progression rate can vary depending on the type. While some skin cancers grow slowly and rarely spread, others can advance rapidly and become life-threatening if not diagnosed early. So, how fast does skin cancer actually grow? The answer depends on the type of cancer, the individual’s health, and how early it is detected.
This article explores the growth rates of different skin cancers, warning signs, risk factors, and why early detection can be the difference between minor treatment and serious health consequences.
Understanding Skin Cancer
Skin cancer occurs when abnormal skin cells grow uncontrollably due to DNA damage—often caused by ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds. The most common types of skin cancer include:
- Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)
- Melanoma
Each type has a distinct growth rate and potential to spread (metastasise). Let’s explore how fast each one can grow and the urgency associated with them.
How Fast Does Basal Cell Carcinoma Grow?
Basal cell carcinoma is the most common and least aggressive form of skin cancer. It originates in the basal cells found in the lower part of the epidermis (the skin’s outermost layer). BCC tends to grow slowly over months or years and rarely spreads to other organs.
Growth Rate:
- Very slow—some tumours take years to grow significantly
- Can remain localised and manageable for extended periods
Why It Shouldn’t Be Ignored:
- If left untreated, it can penetrate deeper into tissues and cause disfigurement
- Can damage surrounding skin, bones, and nerves
Early removal leads to excellent outcomes, often with minor surgery or topical treatments.
How Fast Does Squamous Cell Carcinoma Grow?
Squamous cell carcinoma is the second most common form of skin cancer and can be more aggressive than BCC. It develops in the squamous cells that make up the middle and outer layers of the skin.
Growth Rate:
- Faster than BCC—can grow significantly over weeks to months
- Has the potential to spread to lymph nodes and internal organs if untreated
Signs of Rapid Growth:
- A firm red nodule or scaly patch that grows quickly
- Ulcerated sores that don’t heal
Squamous cell carcinoma requires prompt medical attention to prevent progression and metastasis.
How Fast Does Melanoma Grow?
Melanoma is the deadliest and most aggressive form of skin cancer. It originates in melanocytes, the cells responsible for skin pigment. Unlike BCC and SCC, melanoma can grow and spread rapidly, often within weeks or months.
Growth Rate:
- Extremely fast—can grow vertically and spread to internal organs quickly
- Early-stage melanomas may be curable, but advanced stages can be fatal
Warning Signs (ABCDE Rule):
- Asymmetry: One half of the mole doesn't match the other
- Border: Irregular, scalloped, or poorly defined borders
- Colour: Varies in shades (brown, black, red, blue)
- Diameter: Larger than 6 mm (pencil eraser size)
- Evolving: Changes in size, shape, or colour
Melanoma must be detected early to avoid spreading to organs such as the lungs, liver, and brain. The 5-year survival rate drops significantly once it metastasises.
Factors That Influence Growth Rate
The growth of skin cancer is affected by several individual factors:
- Skin type and pigmentation (lighter skin has higher risk)
- Sun exposure and tanning bed use
- Family history of skin cancer
- Immune system health
- Location of the tumour (areas with high sun exposure may show faster growth)
How Quickly Can Skin Cancer Spread?
While BCC and most SCCs are slow to spread, melanoma can metastasise in under six weeks. Once it enters the bloodstream or lymphatic system, it can reach vital organs rapidly.
This is why regular skin checks and prompt biopsies of suspicious lesions are critical, especially for individuals at high risk.
Real-Life Example
Emily, a 42-year-old woman in Manchester, noticed a dark mole on her leg that changed shape within a month. A dermatologist biopsy confirmed early-stage melanoma. Thanks to early detection, the mole was removed surgically before it could spread. Today, Emily undergoes regular skin checks and advocates for skin cancer awareness in her community.
What Happens If Skin Cancer Is Left Untreated?
- Basal Cell Carcinoma: Can ulcerate and damage surrounding skin, bone, and nerves
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma: May spread to lymph nodes or internal organs if ignored
- Melanoma: Can rapidly metastasise and become fatal
In all cases, delayed diagnosis increases treatment complexity and lowers survival rates.
Importance of Early Detection
Early detection drastically improves outcomes. When caught early:
- BCC and SCC can be removed with minimal surgery
- Early-stage melanoma has a 99% five-year survival rate
- Treatment is less invasive and less expensive
Most skin cancers are visible to the naked eye. Self-exams and annual dermatologist check-ups are key to spotting changes early.
How to Perform a Skin Self-Examination
- Use a full-length mirror in a well-lit room
- Check your face, neck, ears, and scalp
- Examine arms, hands, chest, and abdomen
- Look at legs, soles of feet, and between toes
- Use the ABCDE rule for any suspicious moles or spots
If you notice a new or changing mole, schedule a dermatology appointment immediately.
Treatment Options for Skin Cancer
1. Surgical Excision
The most common treatment. The cancer is cut out along with a margin of healthy skin.
2. Mohs Surgery
Layer-by-layer removal used especially for facial cancers to minimise scarring and preserve tissue.
3. Cryotherapy
Freezing off small skin cancers using liquid nitrogen.
4. Topical Medications
Used for superficial BCC or SCC. Includes 5-FU and imiquimod creams.
5. Radiation or Immunotherapy
For advanced or metastatic cases, especially melanoma. Immunotherapy boosts the body’s immune response to fight cancer cells.
Prevention Tips
- Wear broad-spectrum sunscreen SPF 30 or higher
- Avoid sun exposure during peak hours (10 AM to 4 PM)
- Use hats, sunglasses, and protective clothing
- Steer clear of tanning beds
- Get regular skin checks, especially if you have many moles or a family history
Conclusion
So, how fast does skin cancer grow? It depends on the type:
- BCC: Grows slowly over months to years
- SCC: Grows moderately and can spread in months
- Melanoma: Can grow and spread rapidly within weeks
The key takeaway? Don’t ignore skin changes. Whether it's a new mole, a sore that won’t heal, or a lesion that’s changing—act quickly. Early detection and treatment save lives.
FAQs About Skin Cancer Growth
Q1. Which skin cancer grows the fastest?
Melanoma is the fastest-growing and most aggressive form of skin cancer.
Q2. How quickly does melanoma spread?
It can begin spreading within weeks or months, especially if it penetrates deeper skin layers.
Q3. Can a mole become cancerous overnight?
Not overnight, but rapid changes over weeks could indicate malignancy. Regular monitoring is essential.
Q4. Is basal cell carcinoma dangerous if left untreated?
Yes. Though slow-growing, it can become destructive and cause disfigurement if ignored.
Q5. How often should I get a skin check?
At least once a year if you’re at low risk. More frequent checks are needed if you have risk factors or a history of skin cancer.