Understanding stigma—learn how to identify societal judgments, gauge internalised bias, and take positive steps to address and overcome stigma.
Stigma is a powerful social force that can marginalise individuals, shape identities, and limit opportunities. Whether related to mental health, gender, sexuality, race, disability, or other differences, stigma exists in many forms—sometimes subtle, other times blatant. But how do we know when stigma is present in our society, communities, or even within ourselves?
What Is Stigma?
Stigma refers to negative attitudes or beliefs directed at individuals based on perceived differences from societal norms. These can lead to discrimination, isolation, or shame. The impact is not just social but emotional and psychological too.
Types of Stigma in Society
- Public Stigma: Widespread negative beliefs held by the general public (e.g., believing people with mental illness are dangerous).
- Self-Stigma: When individuals internalise negative stereotypes about themselves.
- Institutional Stigma: Discrimination built into policies or structures (e.g., workplace bias or healthcare inequality).
How to Know If Stigma Exists Around You
1. Language and Labels
Are people using derogatory terms or insensitive language? Language often reflects deep-rooted beliefs. Phrases like “crazy,” “addict,” or “attention-seeking” may indicate stigma towards mental health.
2. Avoidance or Exclusion
Do you notice people being left out of social activities or opportunities because of their identity, appearance, or background?
3. Stereotyping
Generalised statements such as "men shouldn't cry," "women are bad drivers," or "disabled people need help with everything" are signs of cultural or gender stigma.
4. Fear of Disclosure
If someone is afraid to talk about their mental health, sexuality, or condition due to judgment, stigma is likely present. People often hide parts of their identity to avoid discrimination.
5. Media Representation
Observe how groups are portrayed in TV shows, films, or news. Are they shown in stereotypical roles or exaggerated negative lights?
Examples of Common Stigmas
- Mental Health: Depression being seen as a weakness rather than a medical condition.
- Body Image: Overweight individuals facing mockery or assumptions about laziness.
- LGBTQ+ Identities: Homophobic remarks or exclusionary practices.
- Single Parenthood: Assumptions that single mothers are irresponsible or inadequate.
- Men and Emotions: Pressure on men to suppress emotional vulnerability.
Internalised Stigma: Are You Carrying Bias?
Sometimes, stigma operates silently within us. Ask yourself:
- Do I judge myself harshly for being different?
- Do I hide parts of my identity?
- Do I feel ashamed to ask for help?
If the answer is yes, you might be internalising stigma, which can impact your mental health and self-esteem.
Why It Matters to Recognise Stigma
Ignoring stigma allows discrimination and ignorance to persist. When individuals are judged or marginalised, it limits their access to healthcare, education, job opportunities, and even support from peers or family.
Recognising stigma helps us create inclusive, compassionate communities where people feel safe being themselves.
How to Challenge and Reduce Stigma
1. Educate Yourself and Others
Learn about different identities, mental health conditions, and social challenges. Share factual information and resources.
2. Challenge Stereotypes
Speak up when someone makes a prejudiced remark. Offer a different perspective and explain why it's harmful.
3. Use Respectful Language
Words shape perception. Replace outdated terms with empowering ones—for example, say "a person with schizophrenia" rather than "a schizophrenic."
4. Be Inclusive in Actions
Invite diverse voices into conversations, events, and decision-making processes. Avoid tokenism; aim for meaningful representation.
5. Support Mental Health and Anti-Discrimination Campaigns
Support organisations that fight stigma, whether it’s through volunteering, donating, or raising awareness on social media.
Overcoming Self-Stigma
Here are steps to release internalised shame:
- Practice self-compassion and affirm your worth.
- Seek support from people or communities who understand.
- Challenge your inner critic with facts and self-love.
- Speak openly about your identity when you feel safe—it empowers others too.
Global Movements Reducing Stigma
Campaigns like Time to Talk (UK), World Mental Health Day, and the UN’s fight for LGBTQ+ equality are powerful efforts to reduce stigma worldwide. By supporting these movements, we contribute to positive change.
Internal Links You May Find Useful
- The Relationship Between Stigma and Mental Health
- Why Consent Education Is Crucial
- Post-Divorce Trauma and Healing
FAQs
What is stigma in simple words?
Stigma is when society unfairly judges people because of who they are or what they experience, leading to shame or discrimination.
How does stigma affect people?
It can cause emotional distress, isolation, and can prevent people from seeking help or expressing themselves.
Can stigma be unintentional?
Yes. Many people use hurtful language or make assumptions without realising they’re reinforcing stereotypes.
How can I tell if I’m being stigmatised?
If you feel judged, excluded, or silenced based on part of your identity, stigma may be at play. Reflect on patterns in your environment.
How do I stop myself from stigmatising others?
Educate yourself, challenge your assumptions, and be open to listening without judgement. Empathy is key.
Final Thought: Recognising and addressing stigma is essential for a just society. Whether you see it around you or feel it within you, you have the power to change the narrative—starting with awareness and compassion.