What is Female Genital Mutilation? Forms, Impact, and Global Efforts
Female genital mutilation (FGM) is a deeply rooted cultural practice that continues to affect millions of women and girls around the world. It involves the partial or total removal of external female genitalia for non-medical reasons and is recognised internationally as a violation of human rights. Despite global awareness campaigns and legal bans, FGM remains prevalent in many regions, often carried out on young girls without their consent.
Definition of Female Genital Mutilation
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), female genital mutilation refers to procedures that intentionally alter or cause injury to the female genital organs for non-medical purposes. FGM has no health benefits and often leads to long-term physical, emotional, and psychological harm.
Why is FGM Practised?
FGM is often upheld through tradition, cultural beliefs, and societal expectations. Common justifications include:
- Preserving virginity or preventing promiscuity
- Enhancing marriageability
- Religious misinterpretations
- Rite of passage into womanhood
- Social pressure and fear of exclusion
These reasons are deeply embedded in patriarchal structures and are not supported by any major religion or health authority.
Types of Female Genital Mutil
