Menopause & Osteoporosis: What Every Woman Should Know
Menopause marks the end of menstrual cycles, usually between ages 45–55. As oestrogen levels decline, bone resorption overtakes bone formation, leading to reduced bone density and increased osteoporosis risk.
How Menopause Affects Bone Health
During the first 5 years post-menopause, women can lose up to 10 % of bone mass—significantly weakening bones and increasing fracture risk :contentReference[oaicite:2]{index=2}.
Diagnosing Osteoporosis
- DEXA scan: Measures bone mineral density; categorises into normal, osteopenia, or osteoporosis :contentReference[oaicite:3]{index=3}.
- Blood tests: Assess vitamin D, calcium, parathyroid hormone, and other markers.
Reducing Risk & Preventing Bone Loss
- Calcium & vitamin D: About 1,200–1,300 mg Ca daily. Vitamin D supports absorption; supplements may be advised :contentReference[oaicite:4]{index=4}.
- Exercise: Weight-bearing (walking, dancing, tennis) & resistance training, 30–40 min most days, strengthen bones & improve balance :contentReference[oaicite:5]{index=5}.
- Lifestyle choices: Quit smoking, limit alcohol and caffeine :contentReference[oaicite:6]{index=6}.
Treatment Options
Menopause Hormone Therapy (MHT)
MHT (oestrogen ± progestogen) is effective in slowing bone loss, especially when started early post-menopause :contentReference[oaicite:7]{index=7}.
Medications
- Bisphosphonates (e.g., alendronate)
- Denosumab
- Selective oestrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) such as raloxifene
Combining Exercise & MHT
Recent reviews highlight that combining structured exercise with MHT preserves bone mineral density better than either intervention alone in postmenopausal women :contentReference[oaicite:8]{index=8}.
Long-Term Outlook
Women over 60—about half will likely experience a fracture due to osteoporosis :contentReference[oaicite:9]{index=9}. Early prevention and treatment can significantly reduce fracture risk and improve quality of life.
Recommended Strategies
- Get a DEXA scan if over 50 or at risk.
- Ensure adequate calcium and vitamin D intake.
- Engage in regular weight-bearing & resistance exercises.
- Discuss MHT with your doctor, especially within 10 years post-menopause.
- Consider medications like bisphosphonates if diagnosed with osteoporosis.
Internal Resources
FAQs
Why is bone loss so rapid after menopause?
Oestrogen decline accelerates bone resorption—up to 10 % bone loss in 5 years :contentReference[oaicite:10]{index=10}.
Can exercise alone prevent osteoporosis?
Exercise strengthens bone and reduces fall risk—it helps significantly, though combining it with MHT or medication provides the strongest protection.
Is MHT safe?
For many women, short-term MHT started within 10 years of menopause is safe and very effective for bone protection—but discuss benefits and risks with your doctor.
How often should bone density be checked?
Repeat DEXA scans every 1–2 years if you are diagnosed with osteopenia/osteoporosis or have significant risk factors.