Learn why PMS is not classified as a disease, explore its causes, symptoms, and effective lifestyle and medical treatments to manage it.
Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) refers to a collection of physical, emotional, and behavioral symptoms that occur in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. It is a recognized condition, but it is not classified as a disease. Rather, it’s a functional, cyclical disorder influenced by hormonal fluctuations and individual sensitivity.
Why PMS Is Not a Disease
Unlike a disease, PMS does not stem from a structural abnormality or chronic pathology. The symptoms are temporary, recurring in a pattern linked to the menstrual cycle, and typically resolve with menstruation. Medical authorities consider PMS a syndrome—a cluster of symptoms without a single identifiable cause.
Common Symptoms
- Mood swings, irritability, or anxiety
- Bloating, breast tenderness, and fatigue
- Changes in appetite and sleep patterns
- Headaches or muscle pain
What Causes PMS?
PMS is believed to result from abnormal sensitivity to normal hormonal changes—especially fluctuations in estrogen and progesterone. Stress, poor diet, lack of exercise, and sleep disturbances may worsen symptoms.
How PMS Is Diagnosed
Diagnosis is based on a consistent pattern of symptoms appearing during the luteal phase of at least two menstrual cycles and improving after menstruation begins. Tracking symptoms daily for several cycles can help identify PMS.
Effective Management Strategies
- Exercise regularly (e.g., walking, yoga, swimming)
- Eat a balanced diet rich in whole foods and low in caffeine/sugar
- Take calcium and vitamin B6 supplements
- Try mindfulness, meditation, or cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
- Use medications like SSRIs or hormonal birth control if prescribed
Conclusion
PMS is a real and manageable syndrome, not a disease. Understanding its nature, recognizing the triggers, and adopting holistic lifestyle changes can significantly reduce its impact on daily life.