Learn about vaginal discharge types, causes, and when to seek medical care for infections or unusual symptoms.
Vaginal discharge is a normal and healthy part of the female reproductive system. It serves to clean and lubricate the vagina, maintaining its health and preventing infections. However, changes in the color, consistency, or odor of the discharge can indicate underlying health issues.
What Is Vaginal Discharge?
Vaginal discharge is a fluid produced by glands inside the cervix and vagina. It consists of cervical mucus, vaginal secretions, and dead cells. The amount and consistency can vary throughout the menstrual cycle, influenced by hormonal changes. Normal discharge is typically clear or milky white, odorless, and does not cause irritation.
Common Types of Vaginal Discharge and Their Meanings
- Clear or Milky White: Normal discharge, especially around ovulation or before menstruation.
- Yellow or Green: May indicate an infection, such as bacterial vaginosis or a sexually transmitted infection (STI). If accompanied by a foul odor, it warrants medical attention.
- Gray: Often associated with bacterial vaginosis, characterized by a fishy odor and possible itching.
- Pink or Light Red: Can occur after sexual intercourse or as a sign of early pregnancy (implantation bleeding).
- Brown: Typically occurs at the beginning or end of a menstrual period, but if it occurs outside this context, it may require evaluation.
- Thick, White, Cottage Cheese-like: Common in yeast infections, often accompanied by itching and irritation.
When to Seek Medical Attention
Consult a healthcare provider if you experience:
- Discharge with a strong, foul, or fishy odor.
- Discharge that is yellow, green, or gray in color.
- Itching, burning, or irritation in the vaginal area.
- Discharge accompanied by pain during urination or intercourse.
- Unusual discharge outside your normal menstrual cycle.
Prevention and Care
To maintain vaginal health and prevent infections:
- Wear breathable, cotton underwear and avoid tight-fitting clothing.
- Practice good hygiene by washing the external genital area with mild soap and water; avoid douching.
- Change out of wet clothes promptly.
- Use protection during sexual activity to reduce the risk of STIs.
- Maintain a healthy diet and lifestyle to support immune function.