Understanding Menstrual Hygiene and Its Importance
Menstruation is a natural biological process that affects nearly half the global population at some point in life. Yet, menstrual hygiene often remains a taboo topic, especially in developing regions. A lack of awareness, resources, and social acceptance around menstruation contributes to poor menstrual hygiene, which can lead to serious health and societal issues.
In this article, we explore what menstrual hygiene means, why it’s vital, and how women and girls can take better care of themselves during their periods. We’ll also examine the global importance of menstrual hygiene management (MHM) in achieving gender equality and public health goals.
What Is Menstrual Hygiene?
Menstrual hygiene refers to the safe and clean management of menstruation. This includes the use of clean sanitary products, access to adequate washing and disposal facilities, and maintaining personal hygiene to prevent infections. It also encompasses education, social support, and access to health services during menstruation.
Key components of menstrual hygiene:
- Using clean, safe, and affordable menstrual products
- Changing menstrual materials regularly
- Washing the body with clean water and soap
- Proper disposal of used menstrual products
- Understanding the menstrual cycle and body changes
Why Is Menstrual Hygiene Important?
Maintaining good menstrual hygiene is not just about comfort—it directly impacts a woman’s physical, mental, and social well-being. Poor menstrual hygiene can cause reproductive and urinary tract infections, lead to school absenteeism, and even reinforce gender inequality.
Health impacts of poor hygiene:
- Fungal infections (e.g., candidiasis)
- Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
- Reproductive tract infections (RTIs)
- Cervical cancer (long-term risk)
Social and emotional impacts:
- Shame and stigma about menstruation
- Low self-esteem during periods
- Missed work or school
- Social isolation in some cultures
Global Menstrual Hygiene Statistics
- Over 500 million people worldwide lack access to adequate menstrual hygiene facilities.
- 1 in 10 girls in Sub-Saharan Africa misses school during menstruation.
- Many women in low-income regions use unsafe alternatives like rags, leaves, or ash.
These statistics highlight a significant public health and human rights challenge. Access to safe menstrual hygiene products and education should be universal, yet it remains far from reality for many.
Best Practices for Maintaining Menstrual Hygiene
1. Use the Right Sanitary Products
Choose from options like pads, tampons, menstrual cups, or period underwear depending on comfort and availability. Ensure they are made of safe, non-toxic materials.
2. Change Regularly
Change pads or tampons every 4–6 hours to prevent bacterial growth and infections. Menstrual cups should be emptied every 8–12 hours, depending on flow.
3. Clean the Genital Area
Gently wash the vulva (external genitals) with warm water. Avoid scented soaps or douching, as these can disrupt the vaginal flora.
4. Dispose Responsibly
Wrap used sanitary products in paper and dispose of them in a bin. Never flush pads or tampons as they can block plumbing.
5. Track Your Cycle
Use apps or a calendar to track your period. Knowing your cycle helps prepare and detect irregularities early.
Menstrual Hygiene and Education
Educating girls and boys about menstruation is essential in breaking taboos and building a supportive environment. Comprehensive menstrual education can:
- Reduce shame and stigma
- Improve personal hygiene habits
- Empower girls to stay in school during periods
- Encourage male allies in supporting menstrual health
Government and NGO Initiatives
Many global organisations and governments are working to promote menstrual hygiene. Examples include:
- UNICEF and WHO: Promoting WASH (Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene) in schools and communities
- Menstrual Hygiene Day: Observed on May 28 to raise awareness globally
- Free Pads Programs: Launched in countries like Scotland and Kenya
These initiatives aim to normalise menstruation and make hygiene products accessible to all.
Menstrual Hygiene Challenges in Developing Countries
In many rural and low-income settings, women and girls face additional barriers such as:
- Lack of toilets or privacy in schools and public places
- Unaffordable sanitary products
- Cultural taboos that discourage talking about menstruation
- Inadequate water supply for washing
Solving these problems requires not just individual action but systemic change—through infrastructure, policy, and cultural shifts.
Breaking the Taboos Around Menstruation
Open dialogue is the first step towards ending menstrual stigma. By treating menstruation as a normal bodily function, we can build a world where girls aren’t embarrassed to carry a pad or skip school because of their period.
Parents, teachers, healthcare professionals, and influencers all play a role in shaping positive attitudes and encouraging dignity during menstruation.
Conclusion
Menstrual hygiene is a critical aspect of women's health, education, and empowerment. While progress has been made in recent years, much work remains to ensure that every girl and woman can manage her period safely, hygienically, and with dignity.
By educating ourselves, spreading awareness, and supporting initiatives that improve access to menstrual products and sanitation, we can ensure a healthier and more equal future for all.
FAQs
Can poor menstrual hygiene cause infertility?
While not a direct cause, repeated infections due to poor hygiene can lead to complications that affect reproductive health.
What age should girls learn about menstrual hygiene?
Ideally before menarche (first period), usually around ages 9–12, so they are prepared and informed.
Are reusable products like menstrual cups safe?
Yes, if cleaned and used correctly. They are eco-friendly and cost-effective over time.
Why is menstrual hygiene a gender equality issue?
Without proper hygiene, girls miss school and opportunities, which can limit their education and empowerment.
How can boys support menstrual hygiene?
By being informed, respectful, and helping to reduce stigma in families, schools, and communities.