What Is Vaginal Yeast Infection?
A vaginal yeast infection is a common fungal infection caused by the overgrowth of Candida—a type of yeast that naturally lives in the vagina in small amounts. When the balance of bacteria and yeast in the vagina is disrupted, Candida can multiply and cause uncomfortable symptoms.
This condition, also known as candidiasis, affects up to 3 out of 4 women at least once in their lives, and many experience it more than once. Although not considered a sexually transmitted infection (STI), sexual activity can sometimes trigger or worsen the infection.
What Causes Vaginal Yeast Infections?
There are several triggers that can disturb the natural vaginal flora and cause an overgrowth of yeast:
- Antibiotics: They kill good bacteria (lactobacilli) that keep yeast under control.
- Hormonal changes: Pregnancy, birth control pills, or hormone therapy can alter vaginal pH.
- Weakened immune system: Conditions like diabetes, HIV, or cancer treatments increase risk.
- High-sugar diets: Excess sugar can promote yeast growth.
- Tight or synthetic clothing: Traps moisture, creating an ideal environment for yeast.
- Stress and lack of sleep: May impair immune response and disturb vaginal balance.
Common Symptoms of a Vaginal Yeast Infection
Symptoms of a yeast infection may range from mild to moderate and include:
- Itching, burning, or irritation in the vaginal area
- Thick, white, cottage cheese-like discharge
- Redness and swelling of the vulva
- Pain during urination or sex
- Soreness or rash
If you're experiencing these symptoms for the first time, it’s best to consult a doctor before attempting self-treatment.
How Is It Diagnosed?
Your gynaecologist may perform a pelvic exam and take a sample of vaginal discharge to examine under a microscope or send to a lab. This confirms the diagnosis and rules out other conditions like bacterial vaginosis or STIs, which can have similar symptoms.
Treatment Options for Vaginal Yeast Infections
Treatment depends on the severity and frequency of the infection:
1. Over-the-Counter (OTC) Antifungal Treatments:
Available as creams, suppositories, or tablets, OTC medications like clotrimazole or miconazole are commonly used for 1–7 days.
2. Prescription Antifungals:
For more severe or recurrent infections, doctors may prescribe:
- Oral fluconazole (Diflucan)
- Stronger topical medications
- Longer treatment durations
3. Recurrent Infection Management:
Women with four or more infections a year may need long-term antifungal therapy or further evaluation for underlying conditions like diabetes or immune dysfunction.
Prevention Tips
While yeast infections can occur for various reasons, the following practices can help reduce your risk:
- Wear cotton underwear and avoid tight-fitting pants
- Change out of wet clothes promptly (e.g., swimsuits, gym wear)
- Wipe front to back after using the toilet
- Avoid douching or scented vaginal products
- Maintain proper genital hygiene and stay dry
- Limit sugar intake
- Use unscented laundry detergents for undergarments
When to See a Doctor
You should consult a healthcare provider if:
- This is your first time experiencing symptoms
- Symptoms persist or worsen after treatment
- You have frequent infections (more than four times a year)
- You're pregnant or have a weakened immune system
- You notice unusual discharge, odour, or sores
FAQs About Vaginal Yeast Infections
Q1: Can I get a yeast infection from my partner?
Yeast infections are not classified as STIs, but sexual contact can sometimes trigger or transfer yeast between partners.
Q2: Is it safe to treat a yeast infection during pregnancy?
Yes, but consult your doctor before using any medication. Oral antifungals are typically avoided during pregnancy.
Q3: Can I use home remedies like yoghurt or garlic?
Some women use natural remedies, but they lack scientific evidence and may cause irritation. Medical treatment is more effective.
Q4: Do probiotics help prevent yeast infections?
Some studies suggest that probiotic-rich foods or supplements can help maintain healthy vaginal flora, but they shouldn't replace treatment.
Q5: Can stress cause yeast infections?
Stress weakens the immune system, which may increase susceptibility to infections, including candidiasis.
Internal Links for Further Reading
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Conclusion
Vaginal yeast infections are uncomfortable but highly treatable. Understanding the causes, recognising the symptoms, and seeking timely treatment can provide fast relief and prevent recurrence. Simple lifestyle changes and good hygiene habits go a long way in maintaining vaginal health. If symptoms are persistent or frequent, don’t hesitate to seek medical advice. Your health deserves care and attention—don’t ignore the signs your body gives you.