What are 4 reproductive technologies?

 What are 4 reproductive technologies?

                                                              

Assisted reproductive technology (ART) refers to the treatment and procedure of fertility drugs that can help the father’s children with difficulty and incapacity. ART technology manipulates oocytes, sperm, or embryos to increase the chances of a successful pregnancy.

Infertility is when you cannot get pregnant after having regular sexual intercourse without using contraceptives. In the United States, there is evidence that about 10% of women between the ages of 15 and 44 are pregnant or have difficulty continuing to become pregnant. Research trusted Source also points out that 8-12% of couples worldwide experience infertility problems and 40-50% of cases are because of factors affecting men.

According to the CDC, about 1.9% of all babies in the United States are born with ART. This technology can be successful, but it can also be costly. Individuals who wish to have their child fathered using ART in the United States can see the extent of infertility by state.


This article discusses different ART, including success rates, benefits, risks, costs, and technology ethics.

The definition of Art

ART refers to a medical procedure aimed at achieving pregnancy. These complex treatments include manipulating gametes or eggs and sperm to increase fertilization potential. ART is usually an option for people who may not be affected by other fertility treatments, or who have already tried treatment but are not pregnant.


People considering ART often discuss their options with their doctor and may need advice from a fertility specialist.


People mainly use ART to treat infertility, while others may use ART for genetic purposes or to avoid complications of pregnancy. Some people also call ART fertility treatment or medically assisted reproduction.


Because of the high cost of private insurance and Medicaid and limited coverage, access to fertility services like ART can be difficult for many.

What are the different colors of ART?


There are several types of ART procedures involving different techniques and germ cells. Your doctor can advise which ART is most appropriate for your situation. The most common form is in vitro fertilization (IVF).

IVF 


In IVF, a doctor collects eggs and fertilizes them in a special laboratory. Experts can combine this with embryo transfer (IVFET) to transfer the resulting embryo into the human uterus. The Assisted Reproductive Technology Society states that IVFETs account for 99% of ART procedures.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) shows the success rate of IVF treatment in 2018 for collecting eggs from people who are using their eggs:

  • 35-37
  • 38-40 years old 23.5%
  • 40 years old and over 7.6%


People use a tool called IVF Success Estimator to estimate the likelihood of having a baby in IVF can also do.
Multiple IVF cycles may be required to reach pregnancy, and some people do not get pregnant at all with IVF. The advantage of IVF is that it increases the chances of fertilization and pregnancy. Potential complications include:
Multiple pregnancies or simultaneous implantation of two or more embryos
Side effects of fertility drugs. For example, in The state, the average cost of a single IVF cycle is $ 12,000 to $ 17,000.

Intrafallopian Transplant

Some ART methods are like IVF, but use laparoscopic surgery to transplant the gametes directly into the fallopian tubes. Some people choose this method for religious reasons, or their insurance may only cover this type of ART.


Like other forms of ART, it increases the likelihood of multiple pregnancies. In addition, laparoscopy carries the risk of surgical complications, such as B. Side effects of infection, organ puncture, or anesthesia. Intrafallopian transfers are usually more expensive than IVF.


Because of the high cost and risk of this type of ART, medical professionals rarely perform these steps. Therefore, there is not much data on success rates.

The types are:


Gamete Intrafallopian Transplantation (GIFT): GIFT involves collecting eggs and sperm into the fallopian tubes before the doctor inserts the gametes directly into the fallopian tubes using laparoscopic surgery. There is no in vitro fertilization procedure, so there is no need to choose an embryo to transplant.

Zygote intrafallopian transplantation (ZIFT): ZIFT is a combination of IVF and GIFT. Experts use the IVF method to stimulate and collect oocytes and mix the oocytes with sperm in the laboratory before returning the fertilized oocytes or zygotes to the fallopian tubes. The benefit of ZIFT is that it can help people with damaged fallopian tubes or severe infertility problems to become pregnant.

Perinuclear fallopian tube transplantation (PROST): PROST is like ZIFT, but they must transplant the fertilized egg into the fallopian tube before cell division occurs.


Frozen embryo transfer (FET)


Frozen embryo transfer (FET) is becoming more and more common in the United States. This includes thawing previously frozen IVF embryos and placing them in the human womb. According to a 2017 survey, 52% of FET patients remained pregnant.


According to the Department of Human Fertilization and Embryology in the United Kingdom, FETs are as safe as using fresh embryos for treatment. However, some evidence shows an increased risk of preterm birth because of FETs. Another potential risk of FETs is that not all frozen embryos survive the thawing process.

The estimated cost of a FET varies, but can be as high as $ 6,000.


Intracytoplasmic sperm injection

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is a procedure that professionals can perform in parallel with IVF to help fertilize an egg. An embryologist or embryonic expert uses a small needle to inject a single sperm directly into the center of the egg.


ICSI fertilizes 50-80% of oocytes. The success rate of ICSI is like IVF and may be an effective ART method for people with sperm-related infertility. ICSI is usually an add-on procedure for IVF, so it is more expensive than IVF alone.

I

Third-party ART


Third-party ART is the donation of an egg, sperm, or embryo to an individual or couple by another person. It may also include surrogacy and pregnant carriers. These are related to fertilizing the sperm of a couple using ART to another person or transplanting the embryo of a couple using ART.

Summary

Many types of ART are available to treat infertility. The success rate of ART depends on the type of ART you choose and factors such as age and health.


Experts propose ART based on individual or couple preferences and the type of infertility they are experiencing, weighing risks, benefits and costs.


Reference-https://www.medindia.net/patientinfo/assisted-reproductive-technologies.htm

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