What Are Varicose Veins?

Varicose veins are enlarged, twisted veins that often appear on the legs and feet. Though usually harmless, they can cause discomfort and lead to more serious complications if left untreated. Millions of people—especially women—suffer from this condition, and understanding its causes, symptoms, and treatments is essential for effective management.

What Causes Varicose Veins?

Varicose veins develop when the valves in the veins that control blood flow become weak or damaged. These valves normally ensure that blood flows toward the heart. When they fail to function correctly, blood can flow backward and pool in the veins, causing them to stretch and become varicose.

Common Risk Factors

Several factors increase the likelihood of developing varicose veins:

• Age: As you age, veins lose elasticity, and valves may weaken.
• Gender: Women are more likely than men to develop varicose veins due to hormonal influences.
• Pregnancy: Increased blood volume and hormonal changes can enlarge veins.
• Family history: Genetics play a significant role.
• Obesity: Extra weight puts additional pressure on veins.
• Prolonged standing or sitting: Occupations that require extended periods of standing or sitting hinder blood flow.

Signs and Symptoms of Varicose Veins

Not all varicose veins are visible, but common signs include:

• Bulging, blue or purple veins
• Aching or heavy feeling in the legs
• Swelling in the lower legs and ankles
• Itching around one or more veins
• Skin discolouration around the affected vein
• Night-time leg cramps or throbbing

Spider veins—smaller, red or blue veins closer to the skin’s surface—can also be present but are usually less severe.

When to Seek Medical Attention

Though often harmless, varicose veins can lead to complications like:

• Ulcers: Especially near the ankles, resulting from long-term fluid build-up.
• Blood clots: Swelling or pain in the leg may indicate a deep vein thrombosis (DVT).
• Bleeding: Varicose veins near the surface may burst and cause minor bleeding.

If you experience persistent pain, swelling, or skin changes, consult a healthcare provider promptly.

Diagnostic Methods

Doctors usually diagnose varicose veins through a physical exam and may recommend a Doppler ultrasound to check blood flow and rule out clots. This non-invasive test helps visualise the structure and functionality of the veins.

Treatment Options

Treatment depends on the severity and symptoms. Options include:

1. Lifestyle Changes

• Exercising regularly to improve circulation
• Maintaining a healthy weight
• Elevating the legs
• Avoiding prolonged standing or sitting
• Wearing compression stockings

2. Medical Procedures

• Sclerotherapy: A solution is injected into the vein, causing it to scar and close.
• Laser treatment: Strong light bursts are applied to close off smaller varicose veins.
• Radiofrequency or laser ablation: Uses heat to close off large varicose veins.
• Vein stripping: Surgical removal of veins through small incisions (less common today).
• Ambulatory phlebectomy: Smaller veins are removed through tiny skin punctures.

Can Varicose Veins Be Prevented?

While you may not be able to completely prevent varicose veins—especially if you're genetically predisposed—you can reduce your risk by:

• Staying physically active
• Avoiding high heels and tight clothing
• Taking breaks to stretch and move during long sitting or standing periods
• Maintaining a balanced diet rich in fibre and low in salt

FAQs About Varicose Veins

Q1. Are varicose veins dangerous?

Usually, they are not dangerous but can cause discomfort. However, complications like ulcers or blood clots may require treatment.

Q2. Can men get varicose veins?

Yes, although less common than in women, men can and do develop varicose veins, especially with advancing age or obesity.

Q3. Do compression stockings work?

Yes, they can relieve symptoms and slow progression, especially when worn daily. Your doctor can recommend the right type.

Q4. Are treatments painful?

Minimally invasive treatments like sclerotherapy or laser therapy cause only mild discomfort and have short recovery times.

Q5. Can I exercise with varicose veins?

Yes, low-impact activities like walking, swimming, or cycling can improve circulation and help relieve symptoms.

Internal Links for Further Reading

• How Can I Get Rid of My Varicose Veins?
• Tubal Reversal vs. IVF: Which One is Better?
• Difference Between Varicose and Spider Veins

Conclusion

Varicose veins are more than a cosmetic concern—they can affect comfort and long-term health. With the right knowledge and intervention, they can be effectively managed or treated. If you’re experiencing symptoms, don't hesitate to seek medical advice to explore your options and prevent complications.